Let's break down how a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel works in simple terms.

1. Sunlight Hits the Solar Panel:

The process begins when sunlight, made up of tiny particles called photons, shines onto the surface of the solar panel.

2. Photon Absorption:

When sunlight strikes the solar panel, the photons are absorbed by the solar cells, which are typically made of semiconductor materials like silicon.

3. Generation of Electricity:

When the photons are absorbed, they transfer their energy to the electrons in the semiconductor material. This causes the electrons to become "excited" and break free from their atomic bonds, creating a flow of electricity known as direct current (DC).

4. Inverter Conversion (if applicable):

In many systems, the electricity generated by the solar panel is direct current (DC), but most household appliances and the electricity grid use alternating current (AC). Therefore, an inverter is typically used to convert the DC electricity from the solar panel into AC electricity that can be used in your home or exported to the grid.

4. Powering Your Home:

The electricity generated by the solar panel can now be used to power your home's electrical appliances, reducing your reliance on grid electricity and lowering your utility bills.

5. Excess Electricity (if applicable):

If your solar panel generates more electricity than your home consumes, the excess electricity can be sent back to the grid, often earning you credits or compensation through programs like net metering.